Performance of Drift-Reducing Nozzles in Controlling Small Weed Seedlings with Contact Herbicides
نویسندگان
چکیده
In many EU countries, spray applications should comply with increasingly stringent requirements regarding the drift reduction class of nozzles. Many farmers fear that use drift-reducing nozzles producing coarse droplet spectra may compromise performance contact herbicides on small weed targets. This study examined effects various ISO 03 flat-fan (pre-orifice and single dual air induction nozzles) differing in pressure (2.5 bar, 5.0 bar) (1) coverage, (2) characteristics (3) efficiency bentazon phenmedipham against cotyledon 2-leaf stage plants Chenopodium album Solanum nigrum. Performance was compared to an standard nozzle a finer size spectrum. All sprayings were performed at volume 200 L ha−1. most dose–response experiments, several equally well as nozzles, regardless herbicide, pressure, growth or species. However, air-induction too for adequate coverage efficient application S. addition, controlling difficult-to-wet C. weeds better bar than 2.5 bar. contrast characteristics, determined water sensitive papers not good proxies estimating biological herbicides. Air allow control targets, but emitting spectra, such pre-orifice be preferred low-herbicide doses.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Agronomy
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['2156-3276', '0065-4663']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051342